Esferas 3D

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Librerías del programa
import sys
import math
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *


# Iluminación personalizada de la animación
class Luz(object):
    encendida = True
    colores = [(1., 1., 1., 1.), (1., 0.5, 0.5, 1.),
               (0.5,1.,0.5,1.), (0.5,0.5,1.,1.)]
    def __init__(self, luz_id, posicion):
        # Identificador del objeto de iluminación
        self.luz_id = luz_id
        # Posición de la iluminación
        self.posicion = posicion
        # Variable para seleccionar colores
        self.color_actual = 0

    # Tipo de iluminación
    def dibujar(self):
        light_id = self.luz_id
        color = Luz.colores[self.color_actual]
        glLightfv(light_id, GL_POSITION, self.posicion)
        glLightfv(light_id, GL_DIFFUSE, color)
        glLightfv(light_id, GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION, 0.1)
        glLightfv(light_id, GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION, 0.05)

    def cambiar_color(self):
        self.color_actual += 1
        # Reinicia el color actual
        self.color_actual %= len(Luz.colores)


    def enable(self):
        if not Luz.encendida:
            glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
            Luz.encendida = True
        glEnable(self.luz_id)

# Construcción de la Esfera
class Esfera(object):
    # Divisiones de norte a sur
    meridianos = 40
    # Divisiones este a oeste
    paralelos = 40

    # Constructor de la clase
    def __init__(self, radio, posicion, color):
        self.radio = radio
        self.posicion = posicion
        self.color = color

    # Función que dibuja una esfera
    def dibujar(self):
        # Ubicacion de la figura 3d
        glTranslatef(*self.posicion)
        # Especifica los parametros del material para la iluminación
        # GL_AMBIENT , GL_EMISSION
        glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, self.color)
        # Función especial para dibujar esferas
        glutSolidSphere(self.radio, Esfera.meridianos, Esfera.paralelos)

# Aplicación principal
class App(object):
    # Constructor de la clase
    def __init__(self, largo=800, ancho=600):
        # Titulo de la ventana
        self.titulo = 'Esferas con OpenGL'
        # Medidas de la ventana
        self.largo = largo
        self.ancho = ancho
        # Angulo de vision de la camara
        self.angulo = 0
        # Distancia de la camara
        self.distancia = 20
        # Instancia de la clase Luz
        self.iluminacion = Luz(GL_LIGHT0, (15, 5, 15, 1))
        # Instancia de la clase Esfera
        self.esfera1 = Esfera(2, (0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 1))
        # Instancia de la clase Esfera
        self.esfera2 = Esfera(1, (4, 2, 0), (1, 0.4, 0.4, 1))

    # Función que crea la ventana y los graficos 3d
    def iniciar(self):
        # Inicializa la librería GLUT
        glutInit()

        # Funciones para inicializar la ventana
        glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
        glutInitWindowPosition(50, 50)
        glutInitWindowSize(self.largo, self.ancho)
        glutCreateWindow(self.titulo)

        # Activar las funciones graficas
        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        # Activar iluminación
        glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
        # Seleccionar la constante de iluminación
        glEnable(GL_LIGHT0)

        # Activar la iluminación con las características de nuestra función
        self.iluminacion.enable()

        # Color de fondo
        glClearColor(.1, .1, .1, 1)

        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
        aspect = self.largo / self.ancho
        gluPerspective(40., aspect, 1., 40.)
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

        # Llamada para dibujar las figuras
        glutDisplayFunc(self.dibujar)
        # Llamada para activar las funciones del teclado
        glutSpecialFunc(self.keyboard)

        #Inicia el ciclo de la libreria
        glutMainLoop()
        # ...

    # Función que dibuja las figuras 3D
    def dibujar(self):
        # Coordenadas de la cámara
        x = math.sin(self.angulo) * self.distancia
        z = math.cos(self.angulo) * self.distancia

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        glLoadIdentity()

        # Coordenadas de la cámara
        # Posición
        # Dirección en la que mira
        # Orientación
        gluLookAt(x, 0, z,
                  0, 0, 0,
                  0, 1, 0)

        # Se crea la iluminación
        self.iluminacion.dibujar()

        # Se crea la primer esfera
        self.esfera1.dibujar()
        # Se crea la segunda esfera
        self.esfera2.dibujar()

        glutSwapBuffers()

    # Funciones del teclado
    def keyboard(self, tecla, x, y):
        if tecla == GLUT_KEY_INSERT:
            # Cerrar ventana
            sys.exit()
        if tecla == GLUT_KEY_UP:
            # Acercar la cámara
            self.distancia -= 0.1
        if tecla == GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
            # Alejar cámara
            self.distancia += 0.1
        if tecla == GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
            # Girar cámara a la izquierda
            self.angulo -= 0.05
        if tecla == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
            # Girar cámara a la derecha
            self.angulo += 0.05
        if tecla == GLUT_KEY_F1:
            # Cambiar color de las esferas
            self.iluminacion.cambiar_color()
        # Máxima y mínima distancia de la cámara
        self.distancia = max(10, min(self.distancia, 20))
        # Reiniciar el ángulo de giro
        self.angulo %= math.pi * 2
        # Actualiza el plano 3d y las figuras de acuerdo al movimiento de la camara
        glutPostRedisplay()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = App()
    app.iniciar()

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g01y1-6-TQJOzCVfgJfw6wGtfKfa4KoH/view?usp=sharing

Gráfico de barras 3D

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

xpos = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
ypos = [2,3,4,5,1,6,2,1,7,2,3,5,1,3,2]
num_elements = len(xpos)
zpos = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
dx = np.ones(15)
dy = np.ones(15)
dz = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]

ax1.bar3d(xpos, ypos, zpos, dx, dy, dz, color='#00ceaa')
plt.show()

Practica python 3D - Cubo con colores

import sys, math, pygame
from operator import itemgetter


class Point3D:
    def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
        self.x, self.y, self.z = float(x), float(y), float(z)

    def rotateX(self, angle):
        """ Rotates the point around the X axis by the given angle in degrees. """
        rad = angle * math.pi / 180
        cosa = math.cos(rad)
        sina = math.sin(rad)
        y = self.y * cosa - self.z * sina
        z = self.y * sina + self.z * cosa
        return Point3D(self.x, y, z)

    def rotateY(self, angle):
        """ Rotates the point around the Y axis by the given angle in degrees. """
        rad = angle * math.pi / 180
        cosa = math.cos(rad)
        sina = math.sin(rad)
        z = self.z * cosa - self.x * sina
        x = self.z * sina + self.x * cosa
        return Point3D(x, self.y, z)

    def rotateZ(self, angle):
        """ Rotates the point around the Z axis by the given angle in degrees. """
        rad = angle * math.pi / 180
        cosa = math.cos(rad)
        sina = math.sin(rad)
        x = self.x * cosa - self.y * sina
        y = self.x * sina + self.y * cosa
        return Point3D(x, y, self.z)

    def project(self, win_width, win_height, fov, viewer_distance):
        """ Transforms this 3D point to 2D using a perspective projection. """
        factor = fov / (viewer_distance + self.z)
        x = self.x * factor + win_width / 2
        y = -self.y * factor + win_height / 2
        return Point3D(x, y, self.z)


class Simulation:
    def __init__(self, win_width=640, win_height=480):
        pygame.init()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((win_width, win_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Figura de cubo 3D en python")

        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()

        self.vertices = [
            Point3D(-1, 1, -1),
            Point3D(1, 1, -1),
            Point3D(1, -1, -1),
            Point3D(-1, -1, -1),
            Point3D(-1, 1, 1),
            Point3D(1, 1, 1),
            Point3D(1, -1, 1),
            Point3D(-1, -1, 1)
        ]

        # Define the vertices that compose each of the 6 faces. These numbers are
        # indices to the vertices list defined above.
        self.faces = [(0, 1, 2, 3), (1, 5, 6, 2), (5, 4, 7, 6), (4, 0, 3, 7), (0, 4, 5, 1), (3, 2, 6, 7)]

        # Define colors for each face
        self.colors = [(255, 0, 255), (255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255), (0, 255, 255), (255, 255, 0)]

        self.angle = 0

    def run(self):
        """ Main Loop """
        while 1:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()

            self.clock.tick(50)
            self.screen.fill((0, 32, 0))

            # It will hold transformed vertices.
            t = []

            for v in self.vertices:
                # Rotate the point around X axis, then around Y axis, and finally around Z axis.
                r = v.rotateX(self.angle).rotateY(self.angle).rotateZ(self.angle)
                # Transform the point from 3D to 2D
                p = r.project(self.screen.get_width(), self.screen.get_height(), 256, 4)
                # Put the point in the list of transformed vertices
                t.append(p)

            # Calculate the average Z values of each face.
            avg_z = []
            i = 0
            for f in self.faces:
                z = (t[f[0]].z + t[f[1]].z + t[f[2]].z + t[f[3]].z) / 4.0
                avg_z.append([i, z])
                i = i + 1

            # Draw the faces using the Painter's algorithm:
            # Distant faces are drawn before the closer ones.
            for tmp in sorted(avg_z, key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True):
                face_index = tmp[0]
                f = self.faces[face_index]
                pointlist = [(t[f[0]].x, t[f[0]].y), (t[f[1]].x, t[f[1]].y),
                             (t[f[1]].x, t[f[1]].y), (t[f[2]].x, t[f[2]].y),
                             (t[f[2]].x, t[f[2]].y), (t[f[3]].x, t[f[3]].y),
                             (t[f[3]].x, t[f[3]].y), (t[f[0]].x, t[f[0]].y)]
                pygame.draw.polygon(self.screen, self.colors[face_index], pointlist)

            self.angle += 1

            pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    Simulation().run()

       
import sys, math, pygame
from operator import itemgetter


class Point3D:
    def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
        self.x, self.y, self.z = float(x), float(y), float(z)

    def rotateX(self, angle):
        """ Rotates the point around the X axis by the given angle in degrees. """
        rad = angle * math.pi / 180
        cosa = math.cos(rad)
        sina = math.sin(rad)
        y = self.y * cosa - self.z * sina
        z = self.y * sina + self.z * cosa
        return Point3D(self.x, y, z)

    def rotateY(self, angle):
        """ Rotates the point around the Y axis by the given angle in degrees. """
        rad = angle * math.pi / 180
        cosa = math.cos(rad)
        sina = math.sin(rad)
        z = self.z * cosa - self.x * sina
        x = self.z * sina + self.x * cosa
        return Point3D(x, self.y, z)

    def rotateZ(self, angle):
        """ Rotates the point around the Z axis by the given angle in degrees. """
        rad = angle * math.pi / 180
        cosa = math.cos(rad)
        sina = math.sin(rad)
        x = self.x * cosa - self.y * sina
        y = self.x * sina + self.y * cosa
        return Point3D(x, y, self.z)

    def project(self, win_width, win_height, fov, viewer_distance):
        """ Transforms this 3D point to 2D using a perspective projection. """
        factor = fov / (viewer_distance + self.z)
        x = self.x * factor + win_width / 2
        y = -self.y * factor + win_height / 2
        return Point3D(x, y, self.z)


class Simulation:
    def __init__(self, win_width=640, win_height=480):
        pygame.init()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((win_width, win_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Figura de cubo 3D en python")

        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()

        self.vertices = [
            Point3D(-1, 1, -1),
            Point3D(1, 1, -1),
            Point3D(1, -1, -1),
            Point3D(-1, -1, -1),
            Point3D(-1, 1, 1),
            Point3D(1, 1, 1),
            Point3D(1, -1, 1),
            Point3D(-1, -1, 1)
        ]

        # Define the vertices that compose each of the 6 faces. These numbers are
        # indices to the vertices list defined above.
        self.faces = [(0, 1, 2, 3), (1, 5, 6, 2), (5, 4, 7, 6), (4, 0, 3, 7), (0, 4, 5, 1), (3, 2, 6, 7)]

        # Define colors for each face
        self.colors = [(1, 172, 226), (73, 23, 110), (146, 39, 143), (121, 85, 72), (171, 5, 53), (255, 255, 0)]

        self.angle = 0

    def run(self):
        """ Main Loop """
        while 1:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()

            self.clock.tick(50)
            self.screen.fill((0, 32, 0))

            # It will hold transformed vertices.
            t = []

            for v in self.vertices:
                # Rotate the point around X axis, then around Y axis, and finally around Z axis.
                r = v.rotateX(self.angle).rotateY(self.angle).rotateZ(self.angle)
                # Transform the point from 3D to 2D
                p = r.project(self.screen.get_width(), self.screen.get_height(), 256, 4)
                # Put the point in the list of transformed vertices
                t.append(p)

            # Calculate the average Z values of each face.
            avg_z = []
            i = 0
            for f in self.faces:
                z = (t[f[0]].z + t[f[1]].z + t[f[2]].z + t[f[3]].z) / 4.0
                avg_z.append([i, z])
                i = i + 1

            # Draw the faces using the Painter's algorithm:
            # Distant faces are drawn before the closer ones.
            for tmp in sorted(avg_z, key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True):
                face_index = tmp[0]
                f = self.faces[face_index]
                pointlist = [(t[f[0]].x, t[f[0]].y), (t[f[1]].x, t[f[1]].y),
                             (t[f[1]].x, t[f[1]].y), (t[f[2]].x, t[f[2]].y),
                             (t[f[2]].x, t[f[2]].y), (t[f[3]].x, t[f[3]].y),
                             (t[f[3]].x, t[f[3]].y), (t[f[0]].x, t[f[0]].y)]
                pygame.draw.polygon(self.screen, self.colors[face_index], pointlist)

            self.angle += 1

            pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    Simulation().run()

Practica python 3D - Cubo y piramide

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *

verticies = (
    (1, -1, -1),
    (1, 1, -1),
    (-1, 1, -1),
    (-1, -1, -1),
    (1, -1, 1),
    (1, 1, 1),
    (-1, -1, 1),
    (-1, 1, 1)
    )

edges = (
    (0,1),
    (0,3),
    (0,4),
    (2,1),
    (2,3),
    (2,7),
    (6,3),
    (6,4),
    (6,7),
    (5,1),
    (5,4),
    (5,7)
    )


def Cube():
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    for edge in edges:
        for vertex in edge:
            glVertex3fv(verticies[vertex])
    glEnd()


def main():
    pygame.init()
    display = (800,600)
    pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)

    gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 50.0)

    glTranslatef(0.0,0.0, -5)

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        glRotatef(1, 3, 1, 1)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        Cube()
        pygame.display.flip()
        pygame.time.wait(10)


main()

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *

verticies = (
    (1, -1, -1),
    (1, 1, -1),
    (-1, 1, -1),
    (-1, -1, -1),
    ( 0,  0,  1)
    )

edges = (
    (0,1),
    (0,3),
    (0,4),
    (2,1),
    (2,3),
    (4,1),
    (4,2),
    (4,3)
    )


def Cube():
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    for edge in edges:
        for vertex in edge:
            glVertex3fv(verticies[vertex])
    glEnd()


def main():
    pygame.init()
    display = (800,600)
    pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)

    gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 50.0)

    glTranslatef(0.0,0.0, -5)

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        glRotatef(1, 3, 1, 1)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        Cube()
        pygame.display.flip()
        pygame.time.wait(10)


main()